What erroneous views did Europeans hold about non-European societies?

Historically Europeans often held an air of arrogance (for lack of a better word) Other societies were considered primitive and did not measure up socially to them. This occured because many Europeans did not step out of the box. They only familiarized themselves with thier own societies and cultures. Nothing else was deemed important. If someone acted differently than they did then they were considered without intelligence or merit. European Society believed in one religion, one church, one of almost everything. Because of that, every other society was shut out.